{"id":708,"date":"2020-02-02T11:44:45","date_gmt":"2020-02-02T11:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ets.konnaelu.ee\/?page_id=708"},"modified":"2022-10-05T17:35:50","modified_gmt":"2022-10-05T17:35:50","slug":"mis-on-toksikoloogia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/en\/mis-on-toksikoloogia\/","title":{"rendered":"Mis on toksikoloogia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"708\" class=\"elementor elementor-708\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39eaaba4 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"39eaaba4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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href=\"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/en\/oppematerjal-keskkonnatoksikoloogia-alused\/\">\u00d5ppematerjal Keskkonnatoksikoloogia alused<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39220c0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"39220c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6e8d18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6e8d18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/mis-on-toksikoloogia\/\">What is Toxicology?<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-862e34d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"862e34d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/Toksilistest-ainetest-ajakirjanduses\/\">Toxic Substances in the Press<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0018123 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0018123\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ipruul.planet.ee\/toksikoloogia\/doku.php\">Study Materials for Basics of Environmental Toxicology<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25e3b469\" data-id=\"25e3b469\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a368d0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a368d0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Toxicology?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-48ff235 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"48ff235\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d6a4d77\" data-id=\"d6a4d77\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3872c1b1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3872c1b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>S\u00f5na <strong>Toksikoloogia<\/strong> tuleneb kreekakeelsest s\u00f5nast TOXON, mis t\u00e4hendab noolt. Seos noole ja toksilisuse vahel sai n\u00e4htavasti aluse iidsete s\u00f5dalaste t\u00e4helepanekust, et s\u00f5japidamine m\u00fcrgiga t\u00f6\u00f6deldud noolega on tunduvalt efektiivsem. Toksikoloogia all m\u00f5eldakse traditsiooniliselt &#8220;teadust m\u00fcrkidest&#8221;, kuid veidi t\u00e4psemalt v\u00f5iks selle s\u00f5nastada, kui &#8220;<strong>kemikaalide ning f\u00fc\u00fcsikaliste\u00a0 m\u00f5jurite kahjuliku\u00a0 toime uurimine bioloogilistes s\u00fcsteemides<\/strong>&#8220;.\u00a0 Kahjulikud m\u00f5jud v\u00f5ivad esineda mitmesugusel kujul ning mitmesugusel ajahetkel &#8211; silmapilksest surmast kuni aastate p\u00e4rast ilmnevate efektideni. Sellised efektid v\u00f5ivad esineda erinevate rakkude tasemel ning erinevates organites.<\/p><p>Juba 1500 a. e. Kr. on teada mitmete taimsete m\u00fcrkide, nt. surmaputke (ingl.k. hemlock), oopimi, aga ka raskemetallide kasutamisest eesm\u00e4rgiga m\u00fcrgitada vaenlasi. M\u00fcrgitamise ohvrite hulka kuuluvad sealhulgas Socrates (enesetapp peale surmam\u00f5istmist Ateena kohtu poolt l\u00e4bi surmaputkes esineva alkaloidi manustamist) ja Cleopatra (enesetapp maom\u00fcrgi l\u00e4bi). M\u00fcrgitamist on l\u00e4bi aegade peetud efektiivseimaks viisiks vaenlase elimineerimiseks. Ilmselt on veel meeles Ukraina presidendi Viktor Justsenko (m\u00fcrgitati dioksiinide hulka kuuluva kemikaaliga aastal 2004) v\u00f5i vene spiooni Aleksandr Litvinenko (m\u00fcrgitati radioaktiivse elemendi polooniumiga 2006. a novembris) m\u00fcrgitamine.<br \/>Toksikoloogia &#8220;isaks&#8221; peetakse aga <strong>Paracelsust<\/strong> (1493-1541),<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-715 size-full alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/ets.konnaelu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Paracelsus.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"439\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Paracelsus.jpg 439w, http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Paracelsus-220x300.jpg 220w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><\/p><p>kes kirjutas, et taimede ning loomade m\u00fcrkide toksilisuse eest on vastutavad tegelikult seal olevad teatud kemikaalid, mis v\u00f5ivad v\u00e4ikestes kogustes olla kasulikud, kuid m\u00fcrgised k\u00f5rgemates hulkades. Sageli tsiteeritakse tema v\u00e4idet&#8221; <strong>K\u00f5ik ained on m\u00fcrgised; ei ole sellist, mis ei oleks m\u00fcrgine. \u00d5ige doos eristab ravimi m\u00fcrgist<\/strong>&#8220;. Seega pani Paracelsus aluse toksikoloogia peamisele p\u00f5him\u00f5ttele, doosi-vastuse k\u00f5verale.<\/p><p>Kaasaegne toksikoloogia tegeleb nii meditsiinis (sh. diagnostikas, ennetuseks, raviks), toiduainetet\u00f6\u00f6stuses (nt. lisaained), p\u00f5llumajanduses (nt. taimekaitsevahendid, v\u00e4etised) kui keemiat\u00f6\u00f6stuses kasutatavate kemikaalide ohtlikkuse, m\u00fcrgisuse ning m\u00fcrgisuse mehhanismide uurimisega. <br \/>Kemikaalidest p\u00f5hjustatud tervise-ja keskkonnariskide hindamine ongi kaasaegse toksikoloogia \u00fcks peamisi eesm\u00e4rke. Ainete toksilisuse hindamine n\u00f5uab v\u00e4ga mitmek\u00fclgset l\u00e4henemist: on tarvis teada, kuidas kemikaal v\u00f5iks elusorganismile m\u00f5juda nii oma keemiliste omaduste kui organismi erip\u00e4rade t\u00f5ttu ning kuidas elusorganism selle ainega toime tuleb ning sellest vabaneb. K\u00f5ike seda uurivad erinevad toksikoloogia harud: biokeemiline toksikoloogia, toksikokineetika, geneetiline toksikoloogia, arengutoksikoloogia, neurotoksikoloogia ja immunotoksikoloogia. Lisaks v\u00f5ib toksikoloogiat jagada tema kasutusviiside alusel regulatiivseks toksikoloogiaks (riski hindamine ja haldamine), kliiniliseks toksikoloogiaks, kohtumeditsiiniliseks toksikoloogiaks, toidutoksikoloogiaks, t\u00f6\u00f6toksikoloogiaks ja \u00f6kotoksikoloogiaks. <strong>Estonian Society of Toxicology<\/strong> p\u00fc\u00fcabki koondada k\u00f5iki Eestis toksikoloogiaga tegelevaid inimesi ning teisi toksikoloogia-huvilisi.<\/p><p>Toksikoloogiast v\u00f5ib rohkem lugeda:<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/sis.nlm.nih.gov\/enviro\/toxtutor\/\">http:\/\/sis.nlm.nih.gov\/enviro\/toxtutor\/<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/\">http:\/\/toxipedia.org\/<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mis on toksikoloogia? Toksilistest ainetest ajakirjanduses \u00d5ppematerjal Keskkonna-toksikoloogia alused Mis on toksikoloogia? S\u00f5na Toksikoloogia tuleneb kreekakeelsest s\u00f5nast TOXON, mis t\u00e4hendab noolt. Seos noole ja toksilisuse vahel sai n\u00e4htavasti aluse iidsete s\u00f5dalaste t\u00e4helepanekust, et s\u00f5japidamine m\u00fcrgiga t\u00f6\u00f6deldud noolega on tunduvalt efektiivsem. Toksikoloogia all m\u00f5eldakse traditsiooniliselt &#8220;teadust m\u00fcrkidest&#8221;, kuid veidi t\u00e4psemalt v\u00f5iks selle s\u00f5nastada, kui &#8220;kemikaalide ning &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/en\/mis-on-toksikoloogia\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Mis on toksikoloogia<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/708"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=708"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1793,"href":"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/708\/revisions\/1793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ets.kbfi.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}